The incidence of Hepatitis A in Australia has decreased dramatically in recent decades – from a high of 12,876 cases in 1962, to only 274 cases in 2008.
Since the 1970′s, rates of Hepatitis A in Australia have been strikingly similar to those of the United States (see graph):
Graph notes:
1.3. During 1991 to 1997, highest rates (52 per 100,000) were reported in the Northern Territory.
2. During 1991 to 2006, rates in New South Wales declined from 18.9 per 100,000 to 1.4 per 100,000.
Individual years:
1991 – 46.7% from New South Wales.
1994 – 39.7% from Northern Territory and 25.1% from Queensland.
1996 – 45.6% from New South Wales.
1997 – 47.3% from New South Wales.
1998 – 44.9% from Queensland and 37.8% from New South Wales.
2005 – 15.4% from Queensland and 25.5% from New South Wales.
2009 – Increasing rates in Victoria and South Australia appear to have been associated with ingestion of contaminated semi-dried tomatoes.
No fatal cases were reported during 1991 to 1997; 8 during 1998 to 2000.
570 cases were reported from eastern Sydney during 1991 to 1992, of which 58% were men who have sex with men.
– 236 cases were reported from south-eastern Sydney during June 1997 to May 1998 – over 60% of male cases acquired through homosexual contact; 118 during June 1998 to May 1999 – 29% through homosexual contact.
Seroprevalence surveys:
41.1% of Australians, 68.8% in the Northern Territory (1998)
75% of HIV-posititive MSM (2007 publication)
48% of homeless persons in Sydney (2003 to 2005)
3.0% of STD clinic patients (Canberra, 2000 to 2002)
37% of prisoners in New South Wales (1994)
Since 1993, hepatitis A has been the most common cause of infectious disease death among indigenous children in northern Queensland.
– Clinically apparent and severe hepatitis A are more common among indigenous children than their non-indigenous counterparts
– A vaccination program for this population was introduced in 1999.
– During 2003 to 2006, disease rates were 8.1 per 100,000 among indigenous people vs. 1.7 per 100,000 in other populations.
Notable outbreaks:
1970 (publication year) – An outbreak of Infectious hepatitis was reported in an institution.
1980 (publication year) – An outbreak (15 cases) was reported in a home for mentally-retarded children in Sydney. {p 6929674}
1991 – An outbreak (495 cases) in Melbourne involved men who have sex with men.
1993 – An outbreak (11 cases) was reported at a center for young people with developmental disabilities.
1996 (publication year) – An outbreak (7 cases) at a hospital in North Queensland may have been related to handling of contaminated bile.
1997 – An outbreak (7 cases) occurred among boys using a domestic spa in Melbourne.
1997 – An outbreak (270 cases or more) in New South Wales was traced to raw oysters.
1998 – An outbreak (45 cases) in Sydney was ascribed to illicit drug use.
2003 – An outbreak (10 cases) in Tasmania, Victoria and Queensland occurred among people who had been on tour in the Northern Territory.
2003 – An outbreak (21 cases) at a youth camp in central Australia was associated with ingestion of contaminated coleslaw.
2008 – An outbreak (15 cases) was associated with a cafe in Melbourne, Victoria.
2009 – An outbreak (200 cases) in Victoria was associated with consumption of semi-dried tomatoes.
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