Update: May 15, 2013
May 14th, 2013GIDEON what’s new summary: May 13 to May 15, 2013
Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (3 updates)
Infectious Diseases – Diseases (92 updates)
GIDEON what’s new summary: May 13 to May 15, 2013
Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (3 updates)
Infectious Diseases – Diseases (92 updates)
GIDEON what’s new summary: May 10 to May 13, 2013
Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (4 updates)
Infectious Diseases – Diseases (466 updates)
GIDEON what’s new summary: May 8 to May 10, 2013
Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (7 updates)
Infectious Diseases – Diseases (175 updates)
GIDEON what’s new summary: May 6 to May 8, 2013
Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (4 updates)
Infectious Diseases – Diseases (379 updates)
The following background data are abstracted from Gideon www.GideonOnline.com and the Gideon e-book series. [1,2]
60 outbreaks of typhoid were reported during 1960 to 1999 – 54 of these (total 957 cases, 4 fatal) following exposure within the United States. Five drinking water-associated outbreaks of typhoid were reported during 1971 to 2006.
The best known clusters of typhoid fever in history were those ascribed to Mary Mallon (“Typhoid Mary”), a chronic carrier who was responsible for 9 outbreaks (54 cases, 4 fatal) in the New York area during 1900 to 1915.
A chronology of notable outbreaks:
1843 – Outbreaks of typhoid were reported in New York City and Boston.
1898 – An outbreak of typhoid was reported in Florida.
1909 – An outbreak of typhoid was reported in an “infant asylum” in Baltimore, Maryland.
1911 – An outbreak of typhoid was reported in Yakima, Washington.
1913 (publication year) – An outbreak of typhoid was reported in Illinois.
1913 (publication year) – An outbreak of paratyphoid fever in Massachusetts was ascribed to contaminated milk.
1936 (publication year) – An outbreak in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was associated with a supper.
1937 (publication year) – An outbreak was reported in Michigan.
1947 – An outbreak (4 cases) of typhoid in Alaska was associated with a commercial air flight.
1953 (publication year) – An outbreak of typhoid was reported in rural New York.
1956 – An outbreak of typhoid was reported in the Midwest.
1959 – An outbreak of typhoid was reported among migrant workers in Virginia.
1964 – An outbreak of typhoid fever was reported in Atlanta, Georgia.
1967 – An outbreak (31 cases) was reported among students at a university in California.
1970 – An outbreak (81 cases) of typhoid was reported among passengers aboard a British ship traveling to Canada and the United States.
1972 to 1973 – An outbreak (1,515 cases, 39 fatal) was reported in Mexico City in 1972; with an additional 667 cases during January to June 1973. A related outbreak (80 cases) was reported in the United States.
1973 – An outbreak (230 cases) of typhoid in Dade Country, Florida may have originated from water contaminated by a typhoid carrier.
1981 – An outbreak (80 cases) of typhoid at a restaurant in Texas was associated with contaminated “barbacoa” (a mixture of muscle, lips, ears, tongue, and eyes from steamed bovine heads).
1981 – An outbreak (6 cases) on an Indian reservation was linked to a typhoid carrier.
1981 – An outbreak (18 cases, 0 fatal) of typhoid in Michigan was assumed to be related to a typhoid carrier.
1986 – An outbreak at a restaurant in Maryland was caused by contaminated shrimp. {p 3384930}
1989 – An outbreak (43 cases) of typhoid at a hotel in New York was ascribed to contaminated orange juice.
1990 – An outbreak (17 cases) of food-borne typhoid followed a family gathering in Washington State. {p 2120571}
1990 – An outbreak (24 cases, 16 confirmed) was associated with a family picnic in Maryland.
1998 to 1999 – An outbreak (16 cases or more) of typhoid in Florida was ascribed to frozen mamey (a tropical fruit) imported from Honduras and Guatemala.
2000 – An outbreak (7 cases) in Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky occurred among men who have sex with men.
2000 – An outbreak (7 cases) of typhoid in New York City was traced to an infected restaurant employee.
2005 – An outbreak (2 cases) of typhoid in New York City was related to a carrier from Haiti.
2009 – An outbreak (3 cases) of typhoid was reported in Tennessee.
2010 – An outbreak (12 cases) of typhoid in California and Nevada was ascribed to ingestion of contaminated mamey fruit pulp imported from Guatemala.
References:
1. Berger SA. Infectious Diseases of the United States, 2013. 1119 pages, 470 graphs, 11030 references. Gideon e-books, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/country/infectious-diseases-of-the-united-states/
2. Berger SA. Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status, 2013. 258 pages, 401 graphs, 728 references. Gideon e-books, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/disease/typhoid-and-enteric-fever-global-status/
Note featured on ProMED
Rates of psittacosis in Argentina have been increasing in recent years, with current levels similar to those encountered in the United States during the outbreaks of 1954 to 1956. [1,2] See graph [3]:
References:
1. Berger SA. Infectious Diseases of Argentna, 2013. 447 pages, 103 graphs, 2145 references. Gideon e-book series, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/country/infectious-diseases-of-argentina/
2. Berger SA. Ornithosis: Global Status, 2013. 38 pages, 30 graphs, 212 references. Gideon e-book series, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/disease/ornithosis-global-status/
3. Gideon Graph Tool, see tutorial at http://www.GIDEONonline.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/Gideon-Graphs.pps
Note featured on ProMED
GIDEON what’s new summary: May 3 to May 6, 2013
Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (8 updates)
Infectious Diseases – Diseases (279 updates)
The following background data on Q-fever in Spain are abstracted from Gideon www.GideonOnline.com and the Gideon e-book series. [1,2]
Time and Place:
The first cases of Q-fever in Spain were reported in 1950. Q-fever rates are highest in the Basque region (accounting for 60% of community-acquired pneumonias) and Navarre. Pneumonia is the predominant clinical presentation in the north, and hepatitis in the south. Ten outbreaks were registered during 1981 to 1985. 130 cases of Q-fever were reported in the Basque Country during 1981 to 1984; and 1,261 cases in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country) during 1984 to 2004.
Rates of Q-fever in Spain have been decreasing for over 25 years – see graph:
Prevalence surveys:
5% of community-acquired pneumonia in Palma de Mallorca (1992 to 1994)
18.5% of community-acquired pneumonia (2006 to 2007)
30% of patients with fever exceeding 7 days
20.1% of women with spontaneous abortion vs. 9.7% of controls (Burgos, 2009 to 2010)
13.7% of patients hospitalized with fever lasting 1 to 4 weeks (Grenada, 2000 to 2005)
3% of ovine flocks in northern Spain (1999 to 2003)
22% of sheep flocks in the Basque Country (2009 publication)
5.1% of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), 4.3% of wild boar (Sus scrofa), 9.1% of European hare (Lepus europaeus), 11% of vultures (Gyps fulvus) , 14% of black kites (Milvus migrans) and 0% of associated ticks (Basque region, 2010 publication)
Coxiella burnetii has been detected in ticks (Haemaphysalis punctata) in the Basque Country (2003 to 2005)
Seroprevalence surveys:
50% of persons in rural Soria Province (1996 to 1999)
38.5% of adults in the rural Basque Country (1993 publication)
40.6% of adults in Leon Province (1996 publication)
48.6% of adults in Eastern Cantabria (1998 publication)
10.02% to 11.02% of veterinary students in Zaragoza (2000 publication)
15.3% of the population of Valles Occidental (2006 publication)
23.1% of blood donors in Albacete (2007 publication)
11.8% of sheep, 8.7% of goats and 6.7% of beef cattle in semi-extensive grazing systems in northern Spain (2010 publication)
30% of herds and 6.76% of cattle in the Madrid region (2012 publication)
Notable outbreaks:
1982 – An outbreak (42 cases) of Q-fever was reported in Valmaseda, Basque region.
1990 – An outbreak (30 cases) was reported in Billabona and Zizurkil, Guipuzcoa.
1998 – An outbreak (14 cases) related to sheep was reported in Soria Province.
2003 – An outbreak (60 cases) was reported in Asturias.
2006 (publication year) – An outbreak (22 cases) was associated with a visit to a school farm.
2012 (publication year) – An outbreak was reported in flock of sheep.
References:
1. Berger SA. Infectious Diseases of Spain, 2013. 575 pages, 194 graphs, 3284 references. Gideon e-books, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/country/infectious-diseases-of-spain/
2. Berger SA. Q-fever: Global Status, 2013. 78 pages, 58 graphs, 1035 references. Gideon e-books, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/disease/q-fever-global-status/
Note featured on ProMED
GIDEON what’s new summary: May 1 to May 3, 2013
Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (1 updates)
Infectious Diseases – Diseases (501 updates)
Microbiology – Bacteria (1 updates)
GIDEON what’s new summary: April 29 to May 1, 2013
Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (1 updates)
Infectious Diseases – Diseases (385 updates)