GIDEON what’s new summary: May 13 to May 15, 2013

Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (3 updates)

Infectious Diseases – Diseases (92 updates)

GIDEON what’s new summary: May 10 to May 13, 2013

Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (4 updates)

Infectious Diseases – Diseases (466 updates)

GIDEON what’s new summary: May 8 to May 10, 2013

Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (7 updates)

Infectious Diseases – Diseases (175 updates)

GIDEON what’s new summary: May 6 to May 8, 2013

Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (4 updates)

Infectious Diseases – Diseases (379 updates)

The following background data are abstracted from Gideon www.GideonOnline.com and the Gideon e-book series. [1,2]

60 outbreaks of typhoid were reported during 1960 to 1999 – 54 of these (total 957 cases, 4 fatal) following exposure within the United States. Five drinking water-associated outbreaks of typhoid were reported during 1971 to 2006.

The best known clusters of typhoid fever in history were those ascribed to Mary Mallon (“Typhoid Mary”), a chronic carrier who was responsible for 9 outbreaks (54 cases, 4 fatal) in the New York area during 1900 to 1915.

A chronology of notable outbreaks:
1843 – Outbreaks of typhoid were reported in New York City and Boston.
1898 – An outbreak of typhoid was reported in Florida.
1909 – An outbreak of typhoid was reported in an “infant asylum” in Baltimore, Maryland.
1911 – An outbreak of typhoid was reported in Yakima, Washington.
1913 (publication year) – An outbreak of typhoid was reported in Illinois.
1913 (publication year) – An outbreak of paratyphoid fever in Massachusetts was ascribed to contaminated milk.
1936 (publication year) – An outbreak in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was associated with a supper.
1937 (publication year) – An outbreak was reported in Michigan.
1947 – An outbreak (4 cases) of typhoid in Alaska was associated with a commercial air flight.
1953 (publication year) – An outbreak of typhoid was reported in rural New York.
1956 – An outbreak of typhoid was reported in the Midwest.
1959 – An outbreak of typhoid was reported among migrant workers in Virginia.
1964 – An outbreak of typhoid fever was reported in Atlanta, Georgia.
1967 – An outbreak (31 cases) was reported among students at a university in California.
1970 – An outbreak (81 cases) of typhoid was reported among passengers aboard a British ship traveling to Canada and the United States.
1972 to 1973 – An outbreak (1,515 cases, 39 fatal) was reported in Mexico City in 1972; with an additional 667 cases during January to June 1973. A related outbreak (80 cases) was reported in the United States.
1973 – An outbreak (230 cases) of typhoid in Dade Country, Florida may have originated from water contaminated by a typhoid carrier.
1981 – An outbreak (80 cases) of typhoid at a restaurant in Texas was associated with contaminated “barbacoa” (a mixture of muscle, lips, ears, tongue, and eyes from steamed bovine heads).
1981 – An outbreak (6 cases) on an Indian reservation was linked to a typhoid carrier.
1981 – An outbreak (18 cases, 0 fatal) of typhoid in Michigan was assumed to be related to a typhoid carrier.
1986 – An outbreak at a restaurant in Maryland was caused by contaminated shrimp. {p 3384930}
1989 – An outbreak (43 cases) of typhoid at a hotel in New York was ascribed to contaminated orange juice.
1990 – An outbreak (17 cases) of food-borne typhoid followed a family gathering in Washington State. {p 2120571}
1990 – An outbreak (24 cases, 16 confirmed) was associated with a family picnic in Maryland.
1998 to 1999 – An outbreak (16 cases or more) of typhoid in Florida was ascribed to frozen mamey (a tropical fruit) imported from Honduras and Guatemala.
2000 – An outbreak (7 cases) in Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky occurred among men who have sex with men.
2000 – An outbreak (7 cases) of typhoid in New York City was traced to an infected restaurant employee.
2005 – An outbreak (2 cases) of typhoid in New York City was related to a carrier from Haiti.
2009 – An outbreak (3 cases) of typhoid was reported in Tennessee.
2010 – An outbreak (12 cases) of typhoid in California and Nevada was ascribed to ingestion of contaminated mamey fruit pulp imported from Guatemala.

References:
1. Berger SA. Infectious Diseases of the United States, 2013. 1119 pages, 470 graphs, 11030 references. Gideon e-books, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/country/infectious-diseases-of-the-united-states/
2. Berger SA. Typhoid and Enteric Fever: Global Status, 2013. 258 pages, 401 graphs, 728 references. Gideon e-books, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/disease/typhoid-and-enteric-fever-global-status/

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Rates of psittacosis in Argentina have been increasing in recent years, with current levels similar to those encountered in the United States during the outbreaks of 1954 to 1956. [1,2] See graph [3]:

References:
1. Berger SA. Infectious Diseases of Argentna, 2013. 447 pages, 103 graphs, 2145 references. Gideon e-book series, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/country/infectious-diseases-of-argentina/
2. Berger SA. Ornithosis: Global Status, 2013. 38 pages, 30 graphs, 212 references. Gideon e-book series, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/disease/ornithosis-global-status/
3. Gideon Graph Tool, see tutorial at http://www.GIDEONonline.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/Gideon-Graphs.pps

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GIDEON what’s new summary: May 3 to May 6, 2013

Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (8 updates)

Infectious Diseases – Diseases (279 updates)

The following background data on Q-fever in Spain are abstracted from Gideon www.GideonOnline.com and the Gideon e-book series. [1,2]

Time and Place:
The first cases of Q-fever in Spain were reported in 1950. Q-fever rates are highest in the Basque region (accounting for 60% of community-acquired pneumonias) and Navarre. Pneumonia is the predominant clinical presentation in the north, and hepatitis in the south. Ten outbreaks were registered during 1981 to 1985. 130 cases of Q-fever were reported in the Basque Country during 1981 to 1984; and 1,261 cases in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country) during 1984 to 2004.

Rates of Q-fever in Spain have been decreasing for over 25 years – see graph:

Prevalence surveys:
5% of community-acquired pneumonia in Palma de Mallorca (1992 to 1994)
18.5% of community-acquired pneumonia (2006 to 2007)
30% of patients with fever exceeding 7 days
20.1% of women with spontaneous abortion vs. 9.7% of controls (Burgos, 2009 to 2010)
13.7% of patients hospitalized with fever lasting 1 to 4 weeks (Grenada, 2000 to 2005)
3% of ovine flocks in northern Spain (1999 to 2003)
22% of sheep flocks in the Basque Country (2009 publication)
5.1% of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), 4.3% of wild boar (Sus scrofa), 9.1% of European hare (Lepus europaeus), 11% of vultures (Gyps fulvus) , 14% of black kites (Milvus migrans) and 0% of associated ticks (Basque region, 2010 publication)

Coxiella burnetii has been detected in ticks (Haemaphysalis punctata) in the Basque Country (2003 to 2005)

Seroprevalence surveys:
50% of persons in rural Soria Province (1996 to 1999)
38.5% of adults in the rural Basque Country (1993 publication)
40.6% of adults in Leon Province (1996 publication)
48.6% of adults in Eastern Cantabria (1998 publication)
10.02% to 11.02% of veterinary students in Zaragoza (2000 publication)
15.3% of the population of Valles Occidental (2006 publication)
23.1% of blood donors in Albacete (2007 publication)
11.8% of sheep, 8.7% of goats and 6.7% of beef cattle in semi-extensive grazing systems in northern Spain (2010 publication)
30% of herds and 6.76% of cattle in the Madrid region (2012 publication)

Notable outbreaks:
1982 – An outbreak (42 cases) of Q-fever was reported in Valmaseda, Basque region.
1990 – An outbreak (30 cases) was reported in Billabona and Zizurkil, Guipuzcoa.
1998 – An outbreak (14 cases) related to sheep was reported in Soria Province.
2003 – An outbreak (60 cases) was reported in Asturias.
2006 (publication year) – An outbreak (22 cases) was associated with a visit to a school farm.
2012 (publication year) – An outbreak was reported in flock of sheep.

References:
1. Berger SA. Infectious Diseases of Spain, 2013. 575 pages, 194 graphs, 3284 references. Gideon e-books, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/country/infectious-diseases-of-spain/
2. Berger SA. Q-fever: Global Status, 2013. 78 pages, 58 graphs, 1035 references. Gideon e-books, http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/disease/q-fever-global-status/

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GIDEON what’s new summary: May 1 to May 3, 2013

Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (1 updates)

Infectious Diseases – Diseases (501 updates)

Microbiology – Bacteria (1 updates)

GIDEON what’s new summary: April 29 to May 1, 2013

Infectious Diseases – Outbreaks (1 updates)

Infectious Diseases – Diseases (385 updates)