Imported West Nile Virus

Monday, August 30th, 2010

Regarding a recent case in the Netherlands posted in ProMED, several instances of imported West Nile fever have been reported in recent years.

Published reports are summarized below. (primary references are available on request)

2001 – A patient in the Netherlands developed West Nile fever following a trip to Israel.
2002 – Cases acquired in the United States were reported in France, Denmark (2 cases), Mexico; Czech Republic
2003 – Cases acquired in the United States were reported in Germany (2 cases); Canada; the Netherlands.
2003 (publication year) – Cases acquired in Israel and Canada were reported in Denmark.
2003 – A case acquired in Canada was reported in the Netherlands.
2003 – Cases acquired in the United States were reported in France (3 cases), the Netherlands (3 cases), and Germany (2 cases).
2004 – Cases acquired in the United States were reported in Germany 36; Netherlands; and Uruguay.
2004 – 2 cases of West Nile Virus infection were confirmed in Ireland. In both instances, the patients had recently visited Portugal.
2005 – Cases acquired in the United States were reported in Japan.
2005 – An Irish traveler acquired West Nile fever in the United States.
2005 – 4 cases reported in France had been acquired in Djibouti.
2006 – A Spanish missionary acquired West Nile fever in Nicaragua.
2007 – 2 British travelers developed West Nile fever while visiting Canada.

Reference
Berger SA. West Nile fever: Global Status, 2010. GIDEON e-book series

Posted in ProMED

Tick-borne Encephalitis in Croatia

Saturday, July 3rd, 2010

Although recent reports of Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Croatia belie the fact that this disease has been steadily declining for five decades, the impact of TBE in Croatia is comparable to that of the main form of arthropod-borne encephalitis in the United States. See graph

TBE was first reported in Croatia in 1953, and mandatory reporting was instituted in 1987. There is only one natural focus in the northern part of the country, between the Sava and Drava Rivers. Alleged cases in Zadar and Pula, have not been certified. 75% of cases occur from May to July.

Approximately 20 cases per year are reported in Koprivnica-Krizevci County, characterized by a relatively mild illness without neurological residua.

References:
1. Berger SA. Infectious Diseases of Croatia, 2010. 356 pp. Gideon e-book series. http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/country/infectious-diseases-of-croatia/
2. Berger SA. Tick-borne Encephalitis: Global Status, 2010. 52 pp. Gideon e-book series. http://www.gideononline.com/ebooks/disease/tick-borne-encephalitis-global-status/

West Nile Virus in Russia

Monday, April 13th, 2009

ProMED quoted GIDEON in this post:

there were at least 10 human cases in the Volga delta between
1963 & 1968, and that human seropositivity rates of up to 8 percent
were found in European Russia & Western Siberia (see ProMED post West
Nile virus - former Soviet Union: background 20060908.2548)

West Nile virus in Israel compared to North America

Sunday, September 16th, 2007

Quoted in ProMED:

Regarding recent cases in Afula, rates of West Nile fever in Israel have been strikingly similar to those of North America for the last 3 years. (See graph)