Enterovirus infections in Singapore
Recent outbreaks highlight the fact that Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFM) is the second most commonly reported viral disease in Singapore. In fact, since 2001 rates of HFM have approached those of varicella. See graph.
The following data regarding Enteroviral infection in Singapore are extracted from GIDEON [primary reference available on request]
Enteroviruses are responsible for 0.2% of lower respiratory infection in the age group 0 to 20 years (1990 to 1994).
During 1996 to 1997, 44% of school children ages 5 to 12, and 50% of their mothers were found to be seropositive toward Enterovirus 71.
- Enterovirus 71 accounted for 71% of enteroviral isolates in 2000; 44.3% in 2001; 3.5% in 2002.
Epidemics of hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to Enterovirus 70 were reported in 1971 and 1980.
- Epidemics of hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to Coxsackie 24 were reported in 1975; 1985; 1992; and 2002.
HFM has been a notifiable disease in Singapore since October 2000.
- Over 81% of patients with HFM are below age 5 (1998 to 1999).
- Enterovirus 71 was identified in all fatal cases reported during 2000 to 2001.
Notable outbreaks
1970 - An outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFM) (agent not identified) was reported - the first in Singapore.
1970 - An outbreak (60,000 cases) of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis was caused by Coxsackievirus A24.
1972 - An outbreak (104 cases) of HFM due to Coxsackievirus A16 was reported.
1974 - An outbreak (53 cases) of ‘Bornholm disease’ due to Coxsackie B3 was reported.
1975 - An outbreak (40,000 cases) of hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to Coxsackie 24 was reported.
1981 - An outbreak (742 cases) of HFM due to Coxsackievirus A16 was reported.
1997 - An outbreak (8 cases) of Echovirus 30 meningitis was reported in a nursery - the first reports of this strain in Singapore.
2000 - An outbreak (3,790 cases) of HFM was reported - Coxsackievirus and Enterovirus 71 was implicated.
2002 - An outbreak (16,228 cases) of HFM was reported - Coxsackievirus 16 was implicated in 76.9% of cases.
Also appeared in ProMED.
April 28th, 2008 at 12:12 am
[...] jeremypenguin wrote an interesting post today onHere’s a quick excerptRecent outbreaks highlight the fact that Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFM) is the second most commonly reported viral disease in Singapore. In fact, since 2001 rates of HFM have approached those of varicella. See graph … [...]
April 28th, 2008 at 4:04 am
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April 29th, 2008 at 5:28 am
[...] Enterovirus infections in SingaporeDuring 1996 to 1997, 44% of school children ages 5 to 12, and 50% of their mothers were found to be seropositive toward Enterovirus 71. - Enterovirus 71 accounted for 71% of enteroviral isolates in 2000; 44.3% in 2001; 3.5% in 2002. …GIDEON blog - http://www.gideononline.com/blog|||Enterovirus 71 (EV71) outbreak affects 789, kills 19 children28 Apr 2008 Enterovirus 71 (EV71) outbreak affects 789, kills 19 children: Goshdarnit, never realised enterovirus could be so deadly, it’s just NOT MEANT TO HAPPEN!!!If you tumble with the sniper… - http://snipergirl.tumblr.com/|||Health Headlines - April 29An outbreak of enterovirus 71 in eastern China has sickened nearly 1200 children, killing 20, according to health officials in Anhui province, the Associated Press reported. The first infections were noted in March in the city of Fuyang …nursetips - http://nursetips.blogspot.com/|||20 children dead, 1200 sickened by infection in eastern ChinaEnterovirus 71 infections were discovered in March in Fuyang, a city in Anhui province, but may have gone undetected for a while because the symptoms appeared to be ailments common in children, said Feng Lizhong, an official at the …Precious Kingdoms - http://preciouskingdom.blogspot.com/|||PESTILENCE WATCH:Virus outbreak in Chinese city kills 19 childrenThe intestinal virus called "enterovirus 71" or EV71, one trigger of what is sometimes called "hand-foot-mouth disease", began spreading in Fuyang in Anhui province from early March, the Xinhua news agency reported, citing the city …As in the days of Noah - http://asinthedaysofnoah.blogspot.com/|||Enterovirus Outbreak In Chinese City Has Killed 19 Young ChildrenNineteen children have died from an intestinal virus called “enterovirus 71″ in Fuyang, China. The victims have been between the ages of two and six. The virus is sometimes called “hand-foot-mouth disease.” The children have came to the …Medical Health Articles - http://google-sina.com|||EV 71 Outbursts in ChinaThat is the infection of intestinal enterovirus 71.The victim of such disease is caught up under a chronic fever, where the condition gets worst time by time.The usual symptoms would arise such as pain, fatigue, mouth swelling, …HealthHype.com - http://www.healthhype.com|||Virus outbreak spreads in east China - newspapers5 hours ago A virus that has killed at least 20 children in eastern China is infecting hundreds more people each day and has spread to a neighbouring province, newspapers said. The enterovirus 71, or EV71, which can cause hand, foot and mouth …timesofmalta.com - http://www.timesofmalta.com/|||A new virus alert in ChinaThe enterovirus 71, or EV71, which can cause hand, foot and mouth disease, began spreading in Anhui province's Fuyang city in early March, Xinhua news agency said, but was only publicly reported on Sunday. Just like the SARS-virus, …China Herald - http://www.chinaherald.net/ [...]
April 29th, 2008 at 5:44 am
[...] 71 Enterovirus infections in SingaporeDuring 1996 to 1997, 44% of school children ages 5 to 12, and 50% of their mothers were found to be [...]
May 2nd, 2008 at 10:17 pm
[...] 71 has altogether sickened 1520 …ChinesePod - All Conversations - http://chinesepod.com|||Enterovirus infections in SingaporeDuring 1996 to 1997, 44% of school children ages 5 to 12, and 50% of their mothers were found to be [...]